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(reduced) if FOLLOW(A) ∩ FOLLOW(B) ≠ φĬLR Parser : It is same as SLR parser except that the reduced entries in CLR parsing table go only in the FOLLOW of the l.h.s nonterminal. To check whether a grammar is LL(1) or not :ġ.

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LL(1) Parser : LL(1) grammar is unambiguous, left factored and non left recursive. Compiler Design Lecture Notes This lecture note explains the following topics: Introduction to Compiling, A Simple One-Pass Compiler, Lexical Analysis, Syntax Analysis, Syntax-Directed Translation, Type Checking, Run-Time Environments, Intermediate Code Generation, Code generation, Code Optimization. Left Factoring : If a grammar has common prefixes in r.h.s of nonterminal then suh grammar needs to be left factored by eliminating common prefixes as follows :įIRST(A) is a set of the terminal symbols which occur as first symbols in string derived from AįOLLOW(A) is the set of terminals which occur immediately after the nonterminal A in the strings derived from the starting symbol. Left recursion elimination : A -> Aa | a ⇒ A -> aA’ Top down parsing techniques cannot handle left recursive grammar so we convert left recursion into right recursion. Left Recursion : The grammar : A -> Aa | a is left recursive. Logical :code not reachable, infinite loop.Semantical :incompatible value assignment or type mismatches between operator and operand.Syntactical :missing semicolon or unbalanced parenthesis.It includes lexical, syntax, and semantic analysis as front end, and code. Lexical :This includes misspellings of identifiers, keywords or operators. Compiler design covers basic translation mechanism and error detection & recovery.Run-Time Error : A run-time error is an error which takes place during the execution of a program, and usually happens because of adverse system parameters or invalid input data.Ĭompile-Time Error: Compile-time errors rises at compile time, before execution of the program. An Error is the blank entries in the symbol table.

The tasks of the Error Handling process are to detect each error, report it to the user, and then make some recover strategy and implement them to handle error. The output is dependent on the type of assembler.

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Target Code Generator : The main purpose of Target Code generator is to write a code that the machine can understand.Code Optimizer : It transforms the code so that it consumes fewer resources and produces more speed.Intermediate Code Generator : It generates intermediate code, that is a form which can be readily executed by machine We have many popular intermediate codes.It furthermore produces a verified parse tree. Semantic Analyzer : It verifies the parse tree, whether it’s meaningful or not.

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It takes all the tokens one by one and uses Context Free Grammar to construct the parse tree.

Syntax Analysis : Syntax analyzer is also known as parser.

Tokens can be identifiers, keywords, operators, separators etc.

Lexical Analysis : Lexical analyzer reads a source program character by character to produce tokens.

It helps the compiler to function smoothly by finding the identifiers quickly. Symbol Table : It is a data structure being used and maintained by the compiler, consists all the identifier’s name along with their types.

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ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys.

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LeBlanc, “Crafting a Compiler with C”, Pearson Education, 2008. Keith D Cooper and Linda Torczon, “Engineering a Compiler”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Elsevier Science, 2004.Ĥ. Muchnick, “Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation, “Morgan Kaufmann Publishers – Elsevier Science, India, Indian Reprint 2003.ģ. Randy Allen, Ken Kennedy, “Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures: A Dependence-based Approach”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.Ģ. Lam, Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey D Ullman, “Compilers – Principles, Techniques and Tools”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2007. Use the different compiler construction tools. OUTCOMES CS6660 Notes:Īt the end of the course, the student should be able to:ĭesign and implement a prototype compiler.Īpply the various optimization techniques.

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Learn how to optimize and effectively generate machine codes. To learn the various parsing techniques and different levels of translation. Learn the design principles of a Compiler.

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Compiler Design Notes CS6660 Regulation 2013 Anna University free download. CS6660 Notes Regulation 2013 pdf free download.